Internal combustion engine



' Junel 23,1942. A H,B E 2,287,224

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 7 Filed May 9, 1939 -Re. 2l;177 Aug; 22, 1939,

In-this prior patent a relatively In'the presentapplica' rangement on the so calledopposed typefor' 180 "wideV-type enginegwith the resi lt that for the six cylinder type the sixfcran kpins remain "arranged in 6 radia l planesj thereby i g I r In Eig; l'I'show Patented June 23; 1942 I 1 2,287,224 mTERNAnooMnusT on I Jean A. n. Barkeij, Auaaena'c ur; ApplicationMay 21 1939; SerialNol272Q5591/ 12 c'1aim s. got12:1 -56 f';

o i The present application is a continuation apart of my application No.. 57,001 of Dec. 31; 1935,

and of my application 'No; 688,039 of Sept: 2, These-two prior applications contained a part and continued a part' of'my vPatent No. 1,911,814, smalljangle was preferredfor the 6,28; L2 cylinder type, but

some of the claims thereof did not include any angle at all. v

' In the eight cylinder type, thecrankpins of, the

therefor: to decrease unbalance to {a mini.-

' mum, or to;-eliminate .it entirely.

In Fig. 12,;I; have shown .a crank pin arrangement whichcan be used to advantagewith a four ,cylinder two stroketype of;- enginerhaving-four cylinders andaFig.-,13 represent againdiagram j matically the cylinder arrangement therefor.

cylinders of one groupwere'arranged at an angle of 90 and the crankpins of the other group likewise atLQO", and said two groups'of crankpins radially arranged at the angle of the'twoicylinder groups (the two groups of cylinders being in staggered relation).

tion I apply e 55171418 5 v y and for the eightcylinder typein onlyf fourradial planes. g t 7 If two radia1 planes, at 1'80 angle, areconsidered as one radial plane. there areresoectively for these two .type only 3fand 2 radial planes. in

which the crankpin are arranged. The claims are formulated according to this last view point. I In'the'present application-therefore this .same fundainental arrangement is retained, butthe offset of the crankshaft is from both cylinder planes. In the prior patent Re; 21,177, the crankshaft is offset only fro'm one cylinder group, V

but in the present application the'crankshaft is ning. In fact'the running balance is improved a vertical cross section of-the general type of opposed cylindersi andshowa crankshaft of which-two crankpins are arranged In Figs; 2, 4, [6, 8, '10', I :have shown-various crankpinv arrangements 1 which can be combined .with' the. fundamental arrangement of the con- -structi'on in Fig. Land in'Figs. 3, :5, 7, 9,1-l I have shown the corresponding pylinder arrangements- :tion simultaneously {sector instanceFigsJfi and F7, in which pistons} ands3, 8g and 6, 4 and;2;;5 and] reachitop position simultaneously) This object; has been already explained in my -previqus' yseneral-object isjo arrange the-"planes of' l two cylinder'blocksofiset from the axis ofthe crankshaft an equal amount; and in such a way that thej connecting rods approach "the axes ;of

v the crankshaft is ,Or :in" other words the crankshaft axis is ofiat. wo 1 2 said cylinders on that side of the cylinders where set fromthetwo planes of the. two cylinder blocks an equalamount on thatside on-which the; connecting rods approach saidzcylindepplanes; on v the compression stroke. a V My secondgeneralrv o 7 'crankpins in such engines in-jsuch away that thefiringtakes.place-in accordance with the fact position; simultaneously; -.;y I r 7 -My "third general object-is to arrange: the crankpinsv so that'the pistons in pairs. of cylinders, opposed toeach othq l do not reach; top posi- Patentv No. 1,911,874 of May 30,1933, reissued claimed in claim-6 of;either ofsaidpatents. object is presentin l ligs, 2 .and,3, andFigs, l2 and as Patent :No, 21,177 of Aug} 22, 9,3 9; and as 3 s an ot e .c'om n o s:f-. four en- 1 Qther=objectswill appear during thedescription- 551 of theffi ures. 1;,

eral object is to arrange the 'cylinders' inueac'hr ,block so that they are alternately staggeredrwith respectto each otherfrom- Qi'i'eJehdOf]theeIlgiBGs tothe other end thereon; "This i; arrangement: l I "of Fig. 5 may be'comhined withany-ofl the crank- 7 pin arrangements shownin Figs. 2; .4,..6, 8, 10 r and 12;- 'Ihis variation-pis; combined with the first general object; and is; represented in Figs. 4 and am combination "with Eig lt, v Another; general object; is to :a-rrange'the cylinders in one .block different from thosein,.the other;block loy f V V preference so that the vertical planes throughthm r t 05 axesof the'outermostcylinders of" one block fall 6 inside v the yerticalvplanes through the :axes' of .the outermost cylinders pf'the other block. V variatibnis representedin Figs. lgand- 2,6 andta'h 8 and 9; l0 and" 11,512 and 13,.but. not iii-Fig. 5;

offset therefrom, asshown in iject :is-

arrangelthe ns;. on:e,in each block reach}top Referringmore specifically to the Fig. 1,,the, cylinder I is arranged in the plane A-A, .and

the cylinder 2 in the plane 13-3.

The crankshaft axis is not placed in either plane AA or B-B but in a plane exactly midway the said two planes, the plane CC.

The crankpins I and 2 on the crankshaft are arranged at 180. In the position in which the crankpins are drawn, a single plane E-E is ex-.

tended through thepiston-pin-axis 'IA of piston lA-A, through the crankshaft axis C, and through the piston-pin-axis 2B of piston 213-13.

This plane E-E makes exactly the same angle.

alpha with plane AA as with plane B-.-B. Therefore the two pistons reach their top dead and B-B, and they reach that position with equal intervals of 3 60. w x

7. Therefore this arrangement can be conveniently used for the two-stroke or four-strokecycle typ I If we apply the fundamentalarrangement on a four cylinder opposed type, it is preferred to'arrangethe' cylinders as shown in Fig-3diagrammatically, and the crankpins as shown in Fig. 2.

center simultaneously in the two planes. A--A That way'the two' sets of pistons of cylinders I and 3 are counterbalanced" by the "pistons'2 and'4. Each pair of pistons; not being aligned cause a couple in a horizontal plane, proportional to the distance of the axes or the twocylinders.

T0 counteract this couple the cylinders and:

crankpins should be arranged asshown 2 and 3. 1

For an 8 cylinder opposed type this problem becomes slightly m0re-complicated;- If wearrange the two groups 'of four cylinders alternately in staggered relation, as shown in Fig. 5, we

in Figs.

obtain the advantage that the cylinders of one block are located exactly in the same way as thosein the other block, and these blocks can be bored with the sameset'of multiple drills," well 1 known in the art. If we arrange the cylinders as shown in Figs.- 3, 7, 9, 11, oneblock is substantially different from the other; However in the types of Fig. 9,'the cylinders I and 3, 2 and 4, '5 and I, 6 and 8, could be drilled in pairs of two individual they could be drilled in sets of three adjacent cylinders, of which the axesareat'an equal distance from each other-. The crankshafts in the types of Figs. 3 and 6 are comparatively cheap to make, and those of the types of Figs. 4, 5 and 8.

9 are more expensive.

" adjacent, cylinders. And in the type brin 11 ,they areseparated from each other: by 180, opcrating on the four stroke cycle,=or two stroke cycle. .The arrangements of-Figs. 4 to 11 can equally=well operate on the two stroke'cycle as on the four stroke cycle.

The crankshaft of Fig. 6 and Fig. 12 have this in common, that the adjacent crank pins I and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, I and 3, are aligned in said pairs. In Fig 6 the crank pins I and 2, 3 and 4,*5 and 6,1 and 3 can be consideredas single crank pins havingtwd connecting rods of opposed cylinders arranged thereon, so that it may be considered as a four crank pin, 90, crankshaft, in .which crank pins I and 2, are arranged at 180,

and-crank pins '3 and 4 at 180, these two sets of crank pins arranged at 90, as already shown in the Patent No. 1,285,129 of Nov. 19, 1918, to

Goodrich. j..

Thetype of Fig. 12 is different. Here the crank pins'I and 2am at 90 and crank pins 3 and 4 are at 90, these two sets arranged so that crank pins .2and 3 are at 180,-and crank pins I and 4-are at 180. Thistype has been-explained by me in my Patents No. 2,012,902 of Aug. 27, 1935, and No. 2,127,079 of Aug. 18, 1938, in connection'with a systemlof gas distribution.

' 1 It is understood, thatthe crank' pin .arrangementsiFig'fi .and Fig. 12 maybe combinedwith .the cylinder arrangement of Fig. 5. In the com in non-opposite cylinders. I 7

A explained in my prior Patent No. 1,911,874, the two.sets of crankpins for the eight and the six cylinder are arranged at the cylinderangle',

.which is180, so that the crankpins of non-oppo site, or of. opposite cylinders, are placed always at 180., The cylinders I and 2, 3andfl4. [and 6,

I and 8, in Fig. 1.5, are called. oppositecylindersi and cylinders I,3, 5, I are arranged staggered with relation to the other cylinders 2, '4," 6, 3 in the same direction alternatively 7 g The difference between thesix cylinder type and eight cylinder type is fundamental. .In a three cylinder engine inline, having a crankshaft with three crankpins alt-T120", the primary and If we prefer another arrangement, that shown I in Figs. 8 and9fwouldbe'satisfactory too. The

pistons in cylinders I, 2', I, fwould balance each other and those in cylinders 3,4. 5, 6. For the twelve cylinder the most preferable arrangement would be to arrange the crankpins in aligned pairs at 120 as shown in Fig. 10 and'to arrangethe cylinders as shown in Fig. 11; The a six sets of two pistons respectively in cylinders I and 6, land I2, 2 andt'i, B and II, 3 and'4f9 and I0 would balance each other nicely.

In fact a perfect balance is here obtained. For the four cylinder two stroke cycle type, the

arrangement of crankpins and cylindersshown in Figs. 12 and'l3 would bef'satisfactory because the cylinder's I and 3 could fire'zwith 90 interval and then the cylinders 2 and 4'with the same-intervals, all intervals being 90. However. the co'uple created'by these two setsfiofpistons do not entirely counterbalance each'othcr; because they followeach otherup with intervals of 90, quite unlik the arrangement 'of Figs, Zand 3,111 wh ch secondaryinertia forces are balanced" or sub- 'stantially balanced, but in a'four cylinder in line "engine, having four crankpins at 90", this-engine is substantially unbalanced as to couples Offprimary inertia forces and secondary inertia'forces.

For the six cylinder therefore, the cylinder angle affect the total balance little, but'in the eight cylinder engine,-='the angle of theitwo cylinder groups affects the balance greatly. I

For ins'tancedfwe place the crankshaft of'Fig. 12 (in which the crankpin I in fact represents. the

. crankpinsl and 2- in aligned formationg-crankpin 2 the crankpins 3 and ,4,- crankpin 2 thecra'nkpins 5 ands, and crankpin 4 the crankpins I and 8) in an engine having eight cylinders in 2' cylinder 'groups at we obtain aperfectbalanceofthe primary and secondary inertia J :forces, and the couples left thcrein,.if we stagger the cylinders a shown'in'Fig. 5, isrelatively small. at any 7 other-anglathis engine'is unbalanced.

In the eight cylinder type, we-cannctobtain a perfect balance in any type; but some are considerably better than'othersiand in some. we

can obtain a much more favorablefiring order with respect to explosion pressure on intermediate bearings than in others. And the direction of firing in certain types is far better than in others.

For that reason the six cylinder type is fundamentally different from the eight cylinder type, and claims to these different types should be differentiated.

In the Figs. 2 to 11, the crankpins are arranged in one quarter as many radial planes as there are cylinders, for the four cylinder one plane, for the eight cylinder two planes, for the 12 cylinder three planes, etc.

In the Figures 12 and 13, however, the crankpins are arranged in one half as many radial planes asthma are cylinders.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine having four cylinders arranged in two planes around the crankshaft alternately in staggered relation, said crankshaft having only two crankpins, the connecting rods of the pistons of the cylinders F and 2 being arranged side by side on one crankpin, and the connecting rods of the pistons of cylinders 3 and 4 arranged side by side on the other crankpin, said crankpins s'o arranged that the pistons in cylinders l and 3, and those in cylinders 2 and 4 reach their top dead center position simultaneously with an interval of 180, said two groups of cylinders arranged at 180, the axis of said crankshaft ofiset an equal amount from said two cylinder planes and on that side of both cylinder planes on which the connecting rods of all pistons approach the axes of said cylinders. 2. In an eight cylinder engine, having four cylinders arranged in two planes and alternately in staggered relation, so that cylinders I, 3, 5, 1 appear in one plane and cylinder 2, 4, 6, 8 in the other plane. cylinders I and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, 1 andB being arranged-substantially opposite each other, but staggered, said crankshaft having four crankpins so that the connecting rods of said latter pairs of cylinders may be arranged side by side on said respective crankpins, said crankpins so arranged that crankpin I and 4 are at 180, and crankpins 2 and 3 are at 180", said crankpins arranged at 90, the axis of said crankshaft being ofiset from said two cylinder planes an equal distance and on that side of said planes on which the connecting rods approach the axes of said cylinders on the compression stroke. 7 3. In a multicylinder engine, having its cylinders arranged in two groups at 180, and a minimum of two cylinders in each group, said cylin- V ders arranged alternately in staggered relation in the same direction, a crankshaft having as many crankpins as cylinders, said crankpins arranged in pairs, so that two pistons reach their top position simultaneously, and said pairs of pistons with equal intervals, the axis of said crankshaft ofiset from both cylinder, planes an equal amount, on the side on which the connecting rods attached to said crankpins approach the axes of said cylinders on the compression stroke.

4. In an engine, having twelve or less, but

greater than four, cylinders arranged in two groups at an angle of 180, said cylinders in stag- 7 gered relation, a crankshaft having as many crankpins as there are cylinders, said crankpins 7 arranged in one quarter as many radial planes as there are cylinders, so that two pistons in one amount on the side on which the connecting rods, attached to said crankpins, approach the axes of L the cylinders on the compression stroke.

5. In an'enginehaving eight or more cylinders arranged in two groups at an angle, said cylinders roda'attached to said pistons, approach the axes of said cylinders on the compression stroke.

6. In a multicylinder engine, having four or more cylinders arranged in two groups at an angle of said cylinders in staggered relation, acrankshaft having as many'crankpins as there are cylinders, said crankpins arranged in half as many planes as there are cylinders, said crankshaft being offset; with its axis an equal distance from both-cylinder groups, on the side on which the connecting rods, attached to said crank pins, approach the axes of the the compression stroke. V

7. In an engine of the four stroke cycle type,

having eight or more cylinders in two groups at an angle of 180, said cylinders insta gcred relation, a crankshaft having as many crank pins. as there are cylinders, said crankpins arranged inone quarter as many radial planes as there are cylinders, said crank pins arranged in pairs,

so that two pistons, one in each groupQreach their top position simultaneously in non-opposite cylinders, th firing beingnon alternative between the two groups, said crankshaft being offset with its axis an equal distance from both 7 cylinder groups on the side on which the connecting rods, attached to said crank pins, ap-

proach the axes of the cylinders on the compression stroke.

v8. In a multicylinder engine of the four stroke-" cycle type, having its cylinders arranged in twov groups at an angle, and av minimum of two cylinders in each group, said cylinders arranged in staggered relation, a crankshaft having as many crankpins as'cylinders, said crankpins arranged.

in pairs so that two pistons reach their top position in non-opposite cylinders simultaneously, one in each group, and said pairs with equal intervals, the axis of said crankshaft offset from both cylinder planes an equal amount onthe side on" 1 which the connecting rods, attached to said crank pins, approach the axes of said cylinders on 1 the compression stroke. is 9. In a multicylinder engine, having its cylinders arranged in two groups at an angle, and a minimum of four cylinders in each group, said. cylinders arranged alternately in staggered relat tion in thesame direction, a crankshaft having as many crank pins as'cylinders, said crank pins arranged in pairs so that two pistons reach theirtop position simultaneously, one in each group,

and said pairs of pistons with equal intervals, 1 the axis of said crankshaft offset from. both cylinder planes an equal amount, on the side on which the connecting rods, attached to said w 7' cylinders crank pins, approach the axes of said on'the compression stroke.

10. In a multicylinder engine, having itsLcylinders-arranged in two groups at an angle, and a minimrun offour cylinders in each group, said cylinders on ,cylindersin'staggered relation; a 'crankshaft havingzasmanyvcrank: pinsgas;cy1lnders, said crank crankshaftoffsetirom both cylinder planes an equal amount. on the side on which the connecting -rods,gattached to said crank pins, approach the =aXes; of :the cylinders on the compression stroke,

and the firing being non-alternative between said two groups. 7 r

11. In a multicylinder engine, having its cylinders arranged in two groups or planes at an angle crankshaft having as many crankpins as there are cylinders, the crankpins of each groupbeing arranged at 360 divided bythe number or cylinders in each group, these two sets of crank pins so arranged with respect to each other that said pistons reach their top dead center with equal intervals,one at the time, so that the firing may be with equal intervals, the crank pins-being arranged in half as many planesas there are cylinders.

two cylinders in each group, the crank pins of one group arranged at 180 opposite each other, the crank pins of the other group similarly at;

of 180, and a minimum of two cylinders in each 15 rangedcat 180", said two groups placed at90f., group, said cylinders in staggered relation, a l

J. A.'H-. BARKEIJ. r

12. The engine of claim 11, in which there are 

